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4. Îles – Notre Dame

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Notre Dame, Paris

Notre Dame

Notre-Dame

We cross the garden behind Notre-Dame and at its backboard side. From this side we have the closest view of the cathedral.

We see clearly the extensive system of flying buttresses supporting the walls. They are one of the main characteristics of Gothic churches. We also see the front of the transept with an enormous rose window, also spires and dragons, all typically Gothic.

When we come to the west front of the church it rises in all its majesty, with magnificent pointed arches over the portals, a row of kings’ statues, a rose window of nine meters in diameter and finally two massive and spireless towers which reach 70 meters in height.

The biggest bell in the south tower weighs 13 tons and its clapper half a ton. Travellers who want to enjoy the view from the tower can take the stairs.

Notre Dame interior

We enter the Notre Dame.

Notre Dame, Paris 4

It can take 9000 worshippers at the same time. It has a crucifix plan with very short transepts. It is 31 meters high on the inside, with lon
g, Gothic windows. It is completely surrounded by chapels nestling between the buttresses. In the transept there is a rose window on each side. An enormous chancel with an altar and an ambulatory is in the far end.

Notre-Dame is an historical landmark of architecture, a show-piece of the early Gothic. It was built in 1163-1345. All the time the original plans were faithfully used. Therefore, it has a consistent style and became the model for French cathedrals. Thus, it was dominant in spreading the Gothic style all over France and also had influence on similar cathedrals in Britain.

Today most of church is original, including the glass in the rose window on the west front. And what has been renovated has been done in the original style. The church itself and the square in front of it have for eight centuries been the focal point of Paris and France.

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3. Îles – Quai d’Orléans

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Notre Dame, Paris 2

Notre Dame seen from Quai d’Orléans

Quai d’Orléans

When we arrive at the other end of the street we first observe Notre-Dame which lies open before our eyes on the far side of Pont Saint-Louis. We  turn right and walk along the river bank around the whole island.

We first stop at the bend of Quai de Bourbon and enjoy the downriver view. Then we continue along Quai d’Anjou where some of the finest mansions are, such as Hôtel de Lauzon at no. 17 and Hôtel Lambert at no. 1. In French hôtel means a town mansion and not necessarily a guest house or hotel. We turn again over Pont de Sully over to Quai de Béthune and then Quai d’Orléans.

Here one can often see sunbathers and anglers on the lower bank below the street level when the weather is fine. On the bend of Quai d’Orléans there is a splendid view through the foliage of the trees to the back of Notre-Dame which many find to be at its most beautiful from this direction.

Rue des Ursins

Next we turn left over Pont Saint-Louis to Ile de la Cité. First we ignore Notre-Dame and turn right along Quai aux Fleurs. Soon we turn left down steps to Rue des Ursins.

It runs parallel to the bank. We are down at the original level of the island and in a medieval aura from the 11th and 12th C. Such was the island before city planner Haussmann overthrew everything on behalf of Napoleon III. We walk the narrow street to the end.

Then we turn left into Rue de la Colombe and then again to the left into Rue Chanoinesse. These streets constitute the ancient quarter of monasteries. 

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2. Îles – Rue Saint-Louis-en-l’Île

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Rue Saint-Louis-en-l’Île

We walk from the Pont de Sully bridge to its intersection with Rue Saint-Louis-en-l’Ile, where our walk really begins.

Lutece, hotel, Paris

An elegant house on Rue Saint-Louis-en-l’Île

The street with the long name is the backbone of the island, the only street that goes through it lengthwise. It is full of tiny and ench
anting speciality shops, interspersed with restaurants and hotels. The specialization of the shops is so far developed that there are no general butchers, only special beef shops, fowl shops, pork shops and sausage shops.

It is fascinating to observe how the street flows with pedestrians all day long. In the morning it is a world in itself, when the locals go from shop to shop to assemble their lunches and dinners before the tourists take over the scene. Some of the establishments in the street are mentioned elsewhere in this database.

There is also the church which has given its name to the island and the street, Saint-Louis, built 1664-1726, with an interior in decorous Jesuit style by Le Vau, consecrated to Louis IX

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4. Paris – cuisine

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Grand Véfour, restaurant, Paris

Grand Véfour, restaurant

Cuisine

French restaurants are the best in the world. The range and variety of French cooking is astounding. France is very rich in agricultural resources. There is a tradition of passion for cooking. Parisians love to eat out and to discuss cuisine and chefs, as others might discuss politics and politicians. Celebrated chefs are considered national monuments.

Western European and North American cooking is mainly derived from the French. The nearest rival to French cooking is Japanese cooking. In the last decades French chefs have emphasized their lead by inventing Nouvelle Cuisine, a light and lean version of the classic French cuisine, but more in line with modern considerations on health.

The last decade of the 20th Century has seen a resurgence in Cuisine de Terroir, earthy farmhouse cooking, partly as a counterweight to Nouvelle Cuisine and partly an evolution of farmhouse cooking under Nouvelle Cuisine influence.

Pharamond, restaurant, Paris 2

Pharamond, restaurant,

Eating habits

The French do not eat much in the morning. They may have a café latte and croissants at the corner café. Lunch often starts at 13 and dinner at 20:30. Both lunch and dinner are hot meals and are equally important. The French like delicate food and consume it with due reverence.

Few French have drinks before eating as it spoils the palate. They are also careful with the wine and some only drink water. In good restaurants most people have bottled water though, l’eau minerale, often with gas, gaseuse.

Nouvelle Cuisine

French chefs have emphasized their position as the world leaders by inventing Nouvelle Cuisine, a light and lean version of the rich and classic French cuisine, but more in line with modern considerations on health.

The main rules of Nouvelle Cuisine are as follows:

Raw materials are fresh, chosen according to the season, preferably not from the freezer and definitely not out of tins. Emphasis is put on seafood and vegetables. Cooking times are shortened to conserve the taste and ingredients of the food. Precooking and reheating are abolished. Flour in sauces and soups is written off in favour of fumets and blenderized vegetables which are lighter on the stomach. Fats are used sparingly, pan-frying has decreased and deep-frying almost disappeared.

Wine

French wine is absolutely the best in the world and priced accordingly. But the general quality is so high, that even the house wines are excellent. The French don’t drink plonk. The best French wine is graded in complicated ways which vary betwewaen regions, Bordeaux and Burgundy wines generally fetching the highest prices.

Now we start the Paris walks.

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3. Paris – sights

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Notre Dame, Paris 3

Notre Dame

Sights

Paris is the most beautiful metropolis in the world, crammed with famous churches and palaces, squares and avenues. Its centre is the largest tourist city in the world. There are five kilometres as the crow flies from Arc d’Triomphe to Notre Dame and from Montmartre to Montparnasse. In no city centre has the traveller more things to cover.

Not only does the city boast of centuries of basilicas and mansions, plazas and boulevards. It also excels in the necessities of life for travellers. Nowhere is a greater conglomeration of excellent restaurants and hotels, some of them even at a reasonable price. It is based on the natural culinary artistry and architectural taste of the Parisians.

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2. Paris – life

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Champs-Elysées, Paris

Champs-Elysées

Life

Paris is the city of elegance and style. People conduct themselves in the streets as kings and queens. Elegance is everywhere, from hotel and restaurant decoration to everyday clothing. What would be considered casual elsewhere would be considered shabby and vulgar in Paris. The clean and efficient and stylish Metro is a symbol of the classy status of Parisians.

Parisians consider themselves to be citizens, discussing politics, design and cuisine as eloquently as ancient Roman orators, balancing the abandon of the south and the restraint of the north. They are proud and self-sufficient, and consider themselves to be equal to anybody, including kings and popes. On foreigners this often wrongly translates as haughtiness.

Paris is a lively city of liberal inhabitants. Its nightclubs are world leaders. Its vibrant pavement cafés constantly evoke fond memories in the minds of visitors to Paris. The home team and visitors hang around in cafés, squares and streets to kill time and observe fellow humans. Champs-Élysées and the boulevards Saint-Michel and Saint-Germain are the main centres.

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F. Mode

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Avenue de la Opera, Paris

Avenue de la Opera

Fashion

We can at once start on the next walk, as it starts right here at Comédie Française. Or we can go to the Louvre which is here behind the Louvre hotel.

The fashion shops are one of the main attributes of the city. They are concentrated in the area on both sides of Rue de Faubourg Saint-Honoré. Most of the best known fashion houses in the world have their main outlets in this area.

On our way through this district we will have a look at the Opéra, the Madeleine and Place Vendôme.

Avenue de l’Opéra

We start our walk at Place André Malraux where we finished the last walk. If we arrive by the metro the station is Palais Royal.

We have a gorgeous view from the square and its fountains up Avenue de l’Opéra. This view we can continue to enjoy all the way to the Opéra. On our way we pass banks, expensive shops and side walk cafés.

Haussmann, the city planner of Napoleon III, had many slums razed in the 3rd quarter of the 19th C. to make place for splendid boulevards across the city centre.

This is one of the parade streets made at that time. It was finished in 1878. It was considered so important that an hill was removed to level the road.

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A. Róm

Borgarrölt, Róm
Colosseum, Roma 2

Colosseum

20 alda heimsborg

Róm er borg andstæðna, elli og æsku. Hún hefur í 20 aldir þótzt vera höfuðborg heimsins, fyrst sem keisaraborg og síðan sem páfaborg. Hún ber samt aldurinn vel, því að hún er full af fjöri frá morgni til kvölds. Næturlífið í La Dolce Vita var að vísu aldrei til, en allir þjóðfélagshópar eru allan daginn að líta inn á kaffihús. Róm vakir ekki á nóttunni, en hún tekur daginn og kvöldið með látum.

Róm hefur þolað margt um dagana, rán og gripdeildir erlendra barbara, brjálaðra keisara, franskra kónga og innfæddra páfa. Mörg frægustu tákn hennar eru rústir einar. Þar hafa voldugir heimamenn verið afdrifaríkastir.

Menn koma til Rómar til að skoða þessar gömlu rústir fornaldar á Forum, Capitolum og Palatinum. Menn koma líka að sjá Péturskirkju og aðrar hlaðstílskirkjur. Og loks koma menn til að lifa á kaffihúsum og veitingahúsum hins þrönga miðbæjar á Marzvöllum. Samkvæmt lögmáli andstæðna sækir unga fólkið í þennan gamla bæ.

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G. Promenade – Arc de Triomphe

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Arc de Triomphe, Paris

La Promenade

Few if any world cities have such an enormous and successful axis as Paris has in Avenue des Champs-Élysées, a broad and a straight line, not only reaching from Place de la Concorde to Arc de Triomphe, but all the way from the Louvre to the ultramodern suburb of Défense.

This is the main traffic artery in the centre, both automotive and pedestrian. It is full of life from morning to night, as cinemas take over when shops close. On national days this axis is perfect for parades.

Arc de Triomphe

We start at Arc de Triomphe.

The arch of victory is one of the main landmarks of Paris, along with Tour Eiffel and Notre-Dame. It is the biggest victory arch in the world, 50 meters in height and 45 meters wide. It was built for Napoleon 1806-1836 and offers a unique view over the city.

Its exterior is decorated with pictures and names in memory of French military victories. And under the arch there burns the flame on the grave of the unknown soldier.

Étoile

We turn our attention to the surroundings, the Étoile.

The enormous plaza around the arch carries the name of Place Charles-de-Gaulle. It is always called Étoile, quite like the Pompidou museum being called Beaubourg and Charles-de-Gaulle airport called Roissy. The French seem not to accept that names of famous people should evict traditional place-names.

Étoile is one of city planner Haussmann’s main works, laid out in 1854. Twelve of his boulevards run as sun rays from this circular place. As most of them are busy traffic arteries the plaza itself is the main traffic congestion point in the whole city.

According to French traffic rules the cars entering a circular plaza have the right of way and not those which are already there. Therefore, it is an art in itself to choose a right lane to get out again and to the right boulevard. Étoile is the right place for us to admire the wits of driving Frenchmen. Plans have been around for a while to change the rule for this place.

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9. Útrásir – Grotta Azurra

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Grotta Azzurra, Capri 2

Grotta Azzurra, Capri

Grotta Azzurra

Grotta Azzurra, Capri

Grotta Azzurra, Capri

Frægasta náttúruundur eyjarinnar er Blái hellirinn, þar sem heiðblá birta endurvarpast gegnum vatnið. Skipulagðar ferðir eru í hellinn, sumpart tengdar hringsiglingu um eyna. Þá má líka sjá Græna hellinn, sem endurspeglar grænni birtu, hvíta hellinn, sem hægt er að ganga upp í; og Faraglioni-kletta, sem siglt er gegnum.

Anacapri

Anacapri er ekki eins ferðamannalegur staður og Capri. Þaðan er farið landleiðina niður að Bláa hellinum. Og þaðan er farið í stólalyftu upp á hæsta fjall eyjarinnar, Monte Solaro, þaðan sem er ógleymanlegt útsýni í góðu veðri um alla eyna, Napoliflóa og Appeniafjöll.

Hér með lýkur Rómarferð okkar.

 

8. Útrásir – Capri

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Capri

Marina Grande, Capri

Marina Grande, Capri

Utan við Sorrento-skaga er Capri, sæbrött klettaeyja, 6×3 km, með mildri veðráttu og ríkulegum gróðri, eftirsóttur dvalarstaður allt frá tíma rómversku keisaranna.

Aðalþorpið á eynni heitir líka Capri og er uppi á hrygg milli fjalla, með hafnir á báða vegu, Marina Piccola í suðri og Marina Grande í norðri, þar sem ferðamenn koma til hafnar. Austar á eynni og enn hærra er annað þorp, Anacapri, tengt aðalbænum með vegi, sem liggur um bratta kletta.

Engir einkabílar eru á Capri, aðeins litlir strætisvagnar, leigubílar og rafhjól, sem flytja vörur og farangur. Flestar götur í þorpinu eru göngugötur, sumar hverjar með engum húsum í sömu hæð, en bröttum tröppum upp í hús fyrir ofan og niður í hús fyrir neðan. Frá aðaltorginu, Piazza Umberto I eru stuttar gönguleiðir til útsýnisstaða á borð við Cannone Belvedere, Tragara Belvedere og Giardini Augusto, svo og löng og brött gönguleið upp til rústanna af höll Tiberiusar keisara, sem húkir efst uppi á kletti.

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7. Útrásir – Amalfi

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Amalfi-strönd

Amalfi Coast 2

Amalfi ströndin

Eftir skoðun Pompei er rétt að drífa sig til Sant’Agata sui due Golfi, sem er nálægt Sorrento, um 40 km frá Pompei og 60 km frá Napoli, til að finna sér gistingu. Síðan þarf að búa sig undir kvöldverð í bezta veitingahúsi Suður-Ítalíu, Don Alfonso.

Um sæbratta Amalfi-ströndina liggur krókóttur vegur frá Sant’Agata sui due Golfi til Salerno, um 80 km leið. Þetta er talin ein fegursta strandlengja Ítalíu. Niðri í djúpum giljum liggja fámenn fiskiþorp með litla víkurrennu til sjávar. Utan í sjávarhömrum hanga sumarhús auðmanna.

Fyrsta þorpið á leiðinni er hótelbærinn Positano, gamalt fiskimannaþorp, sem orðið er að ferðamannabæ. Þorpið stendur í brattri hlíð, þar sem sums staðar eru hamrar milli húsa. Hvítkölkuð húsin minna á gríska eða spánska eyju.

Vallone di Furore er hrikalegasti hluti leiðarinnar. Þar kúrir lítið fiskiþorp undir klettum og bröttum hlíðum.

Ferðamannabærinn Amalfi hefur gefið leiðinni nafn sitt. Þar eru húsin hvít eins og í Positano, en ströndin ekki eins hrikaleg, svo að þar er pláss fyrir pínulítinn miðbæ með kirkju í austrænum stíl.

Frá Salerno eru um 60 km til baka til Napoli.

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6. Útrásir – Pompei

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Pompei, Napoli 4

Steinfellugólf í Pompei

Pompei

Pompei, Napoli 2

Gatnamót með stiklusteinum í Pompei

Frá Herculanum eru 15 km til Pompei og á leiðinni er gott útsýni til Vesuviusar.

Þetta var 25.000 manna kaupsýslubær, sem grófst á 2 dögum í 6-7 metra þykku öskulagi, þegar eldfjallið gaus árið 79.

Eftir uppgröft á svæði, sem er 2 km langt og 1 km, þar sem það er breiðast, er hægt að sjá í hnotskurn, hvernig lífið hefur verið í slíkum bæ fyrir rúmlega nítján öldum. Enn sjást kosningaslagorð á vegg og klámmyndir í hóruhúsi.

Svæðið er stórt, svo að bezt er að fá sér leiðsögumann til að nýta sem bezt þann tíma, sem er til umráða.

Aðaltorg er í bænum, umlukt hofum Jupiters, Apollos og Vespanianusar, svo og 67 m langri verzlunar- og dómstólabyrðu.

 

Pompei, Napoli 6

Fórnarlamb náttúruhamfaranna í Pompei

Leikhúsin eru tvö, annað fyrir 5000 manns og hitt fyrir 800. Vel hönnuð og vönduð baðhúsin eru einnig tvö, þar á meðal Terme Stabiane, þar sem sjá má steingerða líkami fórnarlamba gossins. Hringleikahúsið er það elzta, sem fundizt hefur, frá 80 f.Kr. Margir eru barirnir við aðalgötuna. Þarna má líka sjá hvert Insula á fætur öðru, nokkurra hæða íbúðablokkir með innigarði.

Bezt varðveitta húsið er þrautskreytt íbúð Vetti bræðra, ríkra kaupmanna, Casa dei Vettii. Þar eru vel varðveittar freskur á veggjum og garður með styttum og brunnum.

Ef tími er nægur, borgar sig að taka krókinn til Villa dei Misteri, þar sem eru stórar og glæsilegar freskur, sem sýna launhelganir Dionysiosar.

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Casa dei Vetti, Pompei, Napoli

Casa dei Vetti, Pompei

5. Útrásir – Herculanum

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Herculanum, Napoli

Herculanum

Frá Napoli eru 10 km til Herculanum, 500Herculanum, Napoli 20 manna fiskimannaþorps, sem drukknaði í leðju, þegar Vesuvius gaus árið 79. Þorpið er mun minna og fátæklegra en Pompei, en hefur það fram yfir, að timbur hefur sums staðar varðveitzt með því að steingervast í 12 metra djúpri leðju. Heilu húsin hafa raunar varðveitzt með timbri, eldunaráhöldum og húsgögnum.

Uppgröfturinn er um 150×250 metrar að flatarmáli. Þrjár aðalbrautir liggja samsíða um bæinn og tvær aðalbrautir þvert á þær. Bezt er að fara fyrst í Casa dell’Albergo, sem er rétt við tröppurnar niður í rústirnar, fara síðan þaðan yfir í götuna Cardo IV upp að aðaltorginu Forum, og loks til baka aftur eftir götunni Cardo V. Skynsamlegt er að fá leiðsögumann og segja honum, hve mikinn tíma þú hefur.

Þarna má meðal annars sjá steinfellumyndir í gólfum, baðhús bæjarins með aðskildum svæðum fyrir kynin, verzlanir með afgreiðsluborði við götu, höggmynd af hjartardýrum og hálfbrunnin húsgögn.

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4. Útrásir – Napoli

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Castel Nuovo, Napoli

Napoli

Liðin er sú tíð, að Napoli var fallegur bær. Hann er hávaðasamur og illa farinn af óheyrilegri bílaumferð. Auk þess er þar öflugt Camorra-glæpafélag og rán og þjófnaðir eru tíðir. Hins vegar er hann vel í sveit settur fyrir þá Rómarfara, sem vilja skoða draugabæina Herculanum og Pompei, ganga á Vesuvius, aka Amalfí-strönd eða skreppa til Capri. Of langt er að fara frá Róm og til baka á einum degi, því að vegalengdin er 219 km. Hótelin á ströndinni sunnan við konungshöllina í Napoli eru kjörinn áningarstaður.

Galleria Umberto I, Napoli

Galleria Umberto I

Castel Nuovo

Hinn voldugi kastali, Castel Nuovo, við höfnina í Napoli var reistur 1282, umkringdur djúpu og breiðu kastalasíki. Borgarmegin við hann er inngangur í líki tveggja hæða sigurboga, reistur 1467.

Konungshöllin, Palazzo Reale, er við hlið kastalans, reist í upphafi 17. aldar og heldur útliti sínu, þótt hún hafi verið endurbyggð nokkrum sinnum. Hún er núna safn.

Á leiðinni milli kastala og hallar er farið framhjá Teatro San Carlo, óperu og leikhúsi frá 1737 og endurbyggðu 1816 í nýgnæfum stíl.

Andspænis leikhúsinu er Galleria Umberto I, krosslaga verzlunarmiðstöð undir feiknarlegu glerhvolfi.

Fyrir framan konungshöllina er hálfhringlaga risatorg, Piazza del Plebiscito.

Frá konungshöllinni eru aðeins 500 metrar að hótelhverfinu við ströndina suður frá miðbænum. Fyrir framan hótelin er Porto Santa Lucia, lystibátahöfn í skjóli við normanna-kastalann Castel d’Ovo, sem fékk núverandi útlit 1274.

Ef farið er lengra eftir ströndinni, er komið í næstu vík fyrir norðan, þar sem eru miklir garðar við ströndina, með útsýni til skagans Posillipo.

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